thiamine pyrophosphate
Definition
- Noun:
- A coenzyme important in respiration in the Krebs cycle: Thiamine pyrophosphate is a biologically active form of vitamin B1 (thiamine). It serves as a coenzyme, a molecule that assists enzymes in catalyzing biochemical reactions, specifically in cellular respiration processes like the Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle).
Usage Examples
- Noun:
- Thiamine pyrophosphate is essential for the decarboxylation of alpha-keto acids.
- The enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase requires thiamine pyrophosphate as a cofactor.
- A deficiency in thiamine can lead to reduced levels of thiamine pyrophosphate, impairing energy metabolism.
Advanced Usage
- Scientific Context: The term is primarily used in biochemistry, nutrition, and medicine. It is often abbreviated as TPP.
- TPP (thiamine pyrophosphate) acts as a coenzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway as well.
Variants and Related Words
- Thiamine (noun): The vitamin B1 molecule itself, which is phosphorylated to become the active coenzyme.
- Dietary thiamine is converted to thiamine pyrophosphate in the body.
- Cocarboxylase (noun): An older, less common synonym for thiamine pyrophosphate.
- Vitamin B1 (noun): The common nutritional name for thiamine.
Synonyms
- TPP (abbreviation): The standard biochemical abbreviation.
- Cocarboxylase: A historical synonym.
Related Phrases / Compound Terms
- Thiamine pyrophosphate deficiency: A lack of this coenzyme, often due to thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency.
- Thiamine pyrophosphate deficiency can cause neurological problems.
- Thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent enzyme: An enzyme that requires TPP to function.
- Transketolase is a thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent enzyme.
Noun
-
a coenzyme important in respiration in the Krebs cycle
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